Working with Function in Python
A function is a subprogram that act as on data and return the result. Functions improves a program's clarity and readability and makes programming more efficient by reducing code duplication and breaking down complex task into more manageable small parts.
Characteristics of Function
- A function is a block of code that performs a specific task.
- A function is a block of code which only runs when it is called.
- A function is a block of organized, reusable code that is used to perform a single, related action.
- A function is simply a “part” of code that you can use over and over again, rather than writing it out multiple times.
Functions enable programmers to break down or decompose a problem into smaller parts, each of which performs a particular task.
Functions also known as routines, sub-routines, methods, procedures and sub-programs.
Types of Function:
- Built - In Function
- Functions based on Module
- User defined Function
1.Built - In Function
Built -in functions are the predefined functions that are already available in Python.
For Example:
input(), print(), int(), float(), eval(), max() and min()
abs(), type(), len(), round(), range()
2. Functions based on Module
When a program become more lengthy and complex, there arises a need for the tasks to be spilt into smaller segments called modules.
When we break a program into modules, each module should contain functions that perform related tasks.
A module in Python is a file that contains a collection of related functions.
Functions of math module:
ceil(), floor(), pow(), sqrt(), fabs(), cos(), sin(), tan()
Functions of random module:
randrange(), randint(), random()
3.User defined Function
A user defined function is created or defined by the def keyword, followed by the function name, parentheses () and colon (:)
Syntax of Python Function
def function_name (optional parameters ):
body of the function
function_name(optional parameters values)
- In Python every function defined by def keyword.
- Function must be called/invoked to execute it code.
- A function must be defined before the function calling.
- Every function return a value using the return statement as the last statement of the function code.
If a function does not have any return statement then it will return None
The first line of function definition i.e. def function_name (optional parameters ): is called function header.
function_name (optional parameters values) statement is called function calling statement
For Example:
def greetings():
print("Good Morning")
greetings()
Here def greetings(); is called function header, print("Good Morning") is code of the function and greetings() is function calling statement.
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